排气消声器模态分析及降噪性能优化

汽车排气系统的振动和噪声是影响乘坐舒适性的因素之一。为研究排气消声器结构模态和声腔模态对消声器降噪性能的影响规律,建立声学有限元模型计算壳体结构模态和声腔模态,并分析各自振型模态和固有频率之间的关系。结果表明:在低频率范围内,壳体结构模态和声腔模态的固有频率发生耦合共振,导致降噪效果不佳;增加消声器外壳壁厚可提升结构固有频率,降低排气系统振动和辐射噪声水平。     

Fundamental Groups of Graphs of Cyclic Subgroup Separable and Weakly Potent Groups

We give a characterization of the cyclic subgroup separability and weak potency of the fundamental group of a graph of polycyclic-by-finite groups and free-by-finite groups amalgamating edge subgroups of the form × D,where h has infinite order and D is finite.     

单面柱局域共振声子晶体低频带隙特性分析及结构改进研究

基于有限元法对单面柱局域共振声子晶体进行带隙特性分析,研究了结构参数对该类型声子晶体的影响。结果表明:随着散射体高度的增加,单面柱声子晶体的第一完全带隙的起始频率逐渐降低,带宽逐渐增大;随着基板厚度的增大,单面柱声子晶体的起始频率逐渐升高,截止频率先增大后减小。并且在经典单面柱声子晶体的基础上,组合了两种新型的三组元单面柱声子晶体结构:嵌入式单面柱声子晶体(以下简称结构Ⅰ)和粘接式单面柱声子晶体(以下简称结构Ⅱ)。通过对其带隙特性的分析得出:这两种新结构与经典的单面柱声子晶体相比,都具有更低频的带隙,这对于低频减振降噪是非常有利的。本文的结果将对实际的工程应用提供一定的理论指导。     

超声场中振荡微泡对血管壁的生物力学效应

血管内受束微泡振荡所产生的生物力学效应在靶向药物传递、开放血脑屏障等具有重要的医学应用。本文从生物力学角度,创建了一个气泡-流体-固体耦合动力学模型,利用有限元法,研究超声场中振荡微泡与血管壁的相互作用,得到不同超声频率、血管尺度及不同初始半径微泡对血管壁的应力及应变分布。结果表明:频率1.0～1.5MHz时,血管壁应力随频率增大而降低;1.5～2.0MHz时,应力随频率经历半个正弦波形的变化,2.0 MHz之后不同初始半径微泡对血管壁的应力趋向一个相等的稳定值;当频率和初始微泡确定时,血管壁应力随血管半径先增大后变小,血管越厚,其应力和振动幅值都相应变小。三种不同初始半径微泡在不同血管半径中能产生有相应的应力极大值,其中较小初始半径微泡应力最大。本模型可用于计算不同声参数、血管尺度及不同初始微泡半径时的生物力学效应,为血管损伤评估提供参考。     

晶体塑性有限元分析开孔对多晶板材力学性能的影响

基于 ABAQUS 子程序 VUMAT 二次开发平台, 将位错和孪晶的演化过程引入晶体塑性有限元方法(crystal plastic finite element method, CPFEM)中, 实现了多晶塑性材料力学行为的有限元模拟, 并通过试验和模拟结果的对比, 验证了所提出方法和二次开发程序的有效性. 应用含孪晶效应的晶体塑性有限元方法 模拟分析了孔洞对于板材开孔问题的影响, 结果表明: ① 当孔径小于板宽一半时, 强度损失采用线性近似估算值是偏于安全的, 而超过板宽一半时, 不宜采用线性估算值; ② 当孔距较小时, 孔径排布方式对开孔板材的韧性以及极限承载力有重要影响, 排布方式可分弱影响区、强影响区和过渡区 3 种模式. 对于承受单向拉伸荷载的板材, 开孔时应选择沿轴线排布的方式.     

A theory of finite tensile deformation of double-network hydrogels

A continuum damage model was developed to describe the finite tensile deformation of tough double-network (DN) hydrogels synthesized by polymerization of a water-soluble monomer inside a highly crosslinked rigid polyelectrolyte network. Damage evolution in DN hydrogels was characterized by performing loading-unloading tensile tests and oscillatory shear rheometry on DN hydrogels synthesized from 3-sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt (SAPS) and acrylamide (AAm). The model can explain all the mechanical features of finite tensile deformation of DN hydrogels, including idealized Mullins effect and permanent set observed after unloading, qualitatively and quantitatively. The constitutive equation can describe the finite elasto-plastic tensile behavior of DN hydrogels without resorting to a yield function. It was showed that tensile mechanics of DN hydrogels in the model is controlled by two material parameters which are related to the elastic moduli of first and second networks. In effect, the ratio of these two parameters is a dimensionless number that controls the behavior of material. The model can capture the stable branch of material response during neck propagation where engineering stress becomes constant. Consistent with experimental data, by increasing the elastic modulus of the second network the finite tensile behavior of the DN hydrogel changes from necking to strain hardening.     

Nonlinear elastic constitutive relations of residually stressed composites with stiff curved fibres

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics - Mechanical models of residually stressed fibre-reinforced solids, which do not resist bending, have been developed in the literature. However, in some residually...